Dentinkanäle

Dentinkanäle, known in English as dentinal tubules, are microscopic channels located within dentin, the mineralized tissue between the tooth pulp and the outer enamel or cementum. They run from the pulp chamber toward the dentinoenamel junction or cementum surface, typically in a radial orientation, and vary in diameter and density depending on location and age.

Each tubule contains a thin dentinal fluid and an odontoblastic process extending from the dental pulp into the tubule space. The tubules form a network that supplies nutrients to dentin and preserves its vitality. The outer dentin generally has fewer and narrower tubules than the inner dentin near the pulp.

Dentinkanäle play a central role in dentin sensitivity. When exposed dentin is stimulated by thermal, chemical, or osmotic changes, fluid movement within the tubules can trigger nerve responses in the pulp through the hydrodynamic mechanism. This hydrodynamic flow is a major explanation for dentin hypersensitivity.

With aging and secondary protective processes, tubules can become occluded or narrowed. Sclerotic dentin deposits mineralized material within tubules, reducing permeability. Demineralization from caries or abrasion can expose tubules and increase sensitivity until they are sealed by restorative treatment or desensitizing agents.

In dentistry, understanding dentinal tubules informs approaches to bonding, cavity design, and desensitization. Treatments often aim to block or reduce tubule permeability to manage sensitivity and improve the longevity of restorations.