Deklincijas

Deklincijas (declensions) are systematic inflection patterns used in many languages to mark grammatical categories such as case, number and gender. They affect nouns, pronouns and adjectives and determine how these words change form within a sentence to reflect their function and relationship to other words.

Most languages with declensions organize words into classes or declension patterns. Each class has its own set of endings for singular and plural and for each grammatical case. Adjectives typically agree with the nouns they modify in gender, number and case. Pronouns have their own inflection as well.

Common cases include nominative, genitive, dative, accusative; many languages also use instrumental, locative and vocative. The exact set of cases and the endings differ by language. Classical Latin and Ancient Greek are famous for their declension systems; German, Russian and Latvian feature richer case systems; Finnish and other languages have extensive noun inflection.

In practice, learners often memorize the declension classes and their endings, sometimes relying on patterns such as strong/weak declensions or gender concord. The declension system is a core component of morphology and syntax: it provides markers of grammatical relations, helps indicate possession, and allows adjectives and pronouns to agree with nouns.