Datívuszú

Datívuszú, also known as *Dativus commodi* or *Dativus incommodi*, is a grammatical case construction primarily found in Latin and some other Indo-European languages. It refers to the use of the dative case to express indirect objects or relationships involving benefit or harm.

In Latin, the dative case often indicates the recipient of an action or the beneficiary of a verb. For example, in the phrase *"Mihi librum dedit"* ("He gave me the book"), *mihi* (to me) is in the dative case, showing that the book is being given to the speaker. This is known as the *dativus commodi*, meaning "dative of advantage," as the speaker benefits from the action.

Conversely, the *dativus incommodi* expresses harm or disadvantage to the subject. For instance, *"Mihi nocet"* ("It harms me") uses the dative to indicate that the subject suffers from the action. This construction highlights the recipient of the negative effect.

While the dative case is most prominently associated with Latin, similar patterns appear in other languages, though their usage may vary. In modern Hungarian, for example, the dative case serves a comparable function in indicating indirect objects or relationships of possession, though its grammatical role differs from Latin’s.

The dative case remains a key feature in classical grammar studies, illustrating how languages structure relationships between actions and their recipients. Its study helps linguists understand verb-object interactions and the evolution of case systems in different languages.