DNAsüntesi

DNAsynthesis, also known as DNA replication, is the biological process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical DNA molecules. This is a fundamental process for cell division and heredity, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed from one generation of cells to the next. The process begins with the unwinding of the double helix, facilitated by enzymes called helicases, which break the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

Once unwound, each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This is carried out by DNA polymerase, an enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing DNA chain, following the base-pairing rules (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine). DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, which leads to the formation of a leading strand synthesized continuously and a lagging strand synthesized discontinuously in short fragments called Okazaki fragments.

These Okazaki fragments are later joined together by another enzyme called DNA ligase. The entire process is highly regulated and involves numerous proteins and enzymes to ensure accuracy and efficiency. Errors, though rare, can occur and are often repaired by proofreading mechanisms inherent in DNA polymerase or by separate repair pathways. This intricate process of DNAsynthesis is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in all living organisms.