DCspenning

DCspenning, or direct current voltage, is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit where the current flows predominantly in one direction. In an ideal DC source, this voltage remains constant over time. In real systems it may exhibit ripple, noise, or drift, but it is distinguished from alternating current (AC) voltage, where the magnitude and/or direction changes periodically.

Measured in volts (V), with common subunits such as millivolts (mV). Typical DC voltages range from sub-volt levels in signal circuits to tens or hundreds of volts in industrial equipment, and up to kilovolts in high‑voltage applications. DC voltages are produced by batteries, DC power supplies, rectified and filtered AC, and photovoltaic cells, among others.

DC voltage is used to power most electronic devices and circuits, including microprocessors, sensors, and automotive systems. The polarity of the voltage matters; the positive terminal is defined relative to a reference point (ground). Real-world sources have finite internal resistance and may regulate voltage under load.

Short notes on measurement and safety: measure DC voltage with a multimeter or oscilloscope set to DC mode, observing proper probe polarity and safety precautions. High voltages pose shock or arc hazards and require appropriate insulation and isolation techniques. See also AC voltage and power supplies.