Dünenverstärkung

Dünenverstärkung, or dune reinforcement, refers to methods and techniques employed to stabilize and strengthen sand dunes. These natural coastal landforms are crucial for protecting shorelines from erosion caused by wind and waves, as well as acting as natural barriers against storm surges. Over time, dunes can be degraded by natural forces, human activity, or climate change, leading to their weakening and potential loss.

The primary goal of Dünenverstärkung is to prevent the loss of sand, maintain dune height and width, and encourage the growth of vegetation, which is vital for natural dune stabilization. Techniques can be broadly categorized into passive and active methods. Passive methods involve minimizing disturbance to existing dunes and their vegetation, such as restricting access through fencing and boardwalks, and managing coastal development. Active methods involve direct intervention to enhance dune structure and stability.

Common active techniques include sand trapping mechanisms, such as brushwood fences or geotextiles, which are installed to capture windblown sand and promote dune accretion. Planting specialized, salt-tolerant vegetation, like marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), is another fundamental aspect of Dünenverstärkung. The roots of these plants bind the sand particles together, creating a more cohesive and stable structure. In some cases, artificial nourishment, where sand is mechanically added to the dune system, may also be used. The choice of method depends on factors such as the specific environmental conditions, the extent of dune degradation, and available resources. Effective Dünenverstärkung contributes significantly to coastal resilience and the preservation of valuable coastal ecosystems.