Csoportgondolkodás

Csoportgondolkodás refers to a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints, by actively suppressing dissenting viewpoints and by isolating themselves from outside influences. The desire for group cohesion can take precedence over rational decision-making.

This phenomenon was first identified and named by psychologist Irving Janis. He proposed that groupthink is caused by a variety of factors, including strong group cohesion, a directive leadership style, and external threats. When these conditions are present, group members may engage in behaviors such as self-censorship, mindguarding (protecting the group from dissenting information), and illusion of unanimity, leading to poor decisions.

Symptoms of groupthink include an illusion of invulnerability, a strong belief in the group's inherent morality, rationalization of warnings, stereotyped views of outsiders, direct pressure on dissenters, self-censorship, and an illusion of unanimity. The consequences of groupthink can be severe, leading to flawed policies, missed opportunities, and even disasters.

To prevent groupthink, leaders can encourage critical evaluation, invite outside opinions, assign a devil's advocate, and break into smaller subgroups to discuss issues. Fostering an environment where dissent is valued and encouraged can help groups make more informed and effective decisions.