Csontvelaspirátum

Csontvelaspirátum is a medical procedure involving the extraction of a small sample of bone marrow. This sample is typically obtained from the iliac crest, a prominent bony landmark in the pelvis, though other sites like the sternum or tibia may be used. The aspiration is performed using a special needle that pierces the bone and enters the marrow cavity. Local anesthetic is usually administered to minimize discomfort.

The primary purpose of a bone marrow aspirate is diagnostic. The collected marrow, a soft, spongy tissue, is rich in hematopoietic stem cells, which are responsible for producing all types of blood cells. Examination of the aspirate under a microscope allows hematologists and pathologists to assess the number, appearance, and maturity of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This helps in diagnosing a wide range of blood disorders, including anemias, leukemias, lymphomas, and myelodysplastic syndromes. It can also be used to investigate unexplained fever or bone pain, and to stage certain cancers.

In some cases, the aspirate may also be used for further testing, such as flow cytometry, cytogenetics, or molecular studies, to identify specific genetic mutations or cellular markers. The procedure is generally safe, with potential risks including minor bleeding, infection, or temporary pain at the aspiration site.