CsPbX3

CsPbX3 refers to a family of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites with the formula CsPbX3, where X is a halide such as Cl, Br, or I. They share the three-dimensional perovskite structure of corner-sharing PbX6 octahedra with Cs+ ions occupying the cavities in the lattice.

The halide composition tunes the electronic properties: CsPbCl3 has a wide bandgap (~3.0 eV), CsPbBr3 about 2.3 eV, and CsPbI3 approximately 1.7–1.9 eV, enabling absorption across the visible spectrum. This tunability makes CsPbX3 promising for photovoltaics and light-emitting devices.

CsPbX3 is typically synthesized by solution-processing methods, such as spin coating from precursor solutions and thermal annealing. CsPbI3 in particular forms a metastable black perovskite phase at higher temperatures but tends to convert to a yellow non-perovskite phase at room temperature; mixed-halide formulations and additive strategies are used to stabilize the desired phase.

Applications include thin-film solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. The devices benefit from strong light absorption and tunable emission, but performance is constrained by material stability, moisture sensitivity, and lead-related toxicity.

Ongoing research addresses stability under operating conditions, encapsulation techniques, and approaches to minimize environmental impact, including exploration of lead-free alternatives or recycling strategies.