Cs133sä

Cs133sä is not a standard designation in established scientific nomenclature. It most likely refers to cesium-133 (Cs-133), the stable isotope of the element cesium, with the “sä” suffix potentially arising from transliteration, data labeling, or a fictional context. In conventional usage, Cs-133 is the only stable cesium isotope and makes up essentially all natural cesium.

Cesium-133 properties and significance. Cesium (atomic number 55) is a soft, highly reactive alkali metal. Cs-133 has a well-defined nuclear spin that enables precise atomic transitions. The most important practical feature of Cs-133 is its ground-state hyperfine transition, which occurs at 9,192,631,770 hertz. This transition defines the international second and underpins the operation of most modern atomic clocks, providing the basis for precise timekeeping and frequency standards.

Natural occurrence and production. Cesium is extracted from mineral deposits such as pollucite. After mining, it is refined to obtain pure Cs-133 for use in research, metrology, and specialized devices. The isotope is chemically similar to other alkali metals and forms various salts, commonly stored under oil to prevent air and moisture reactions.

Applications and context. Beyond timekeeping, Cs-133 is used in fundamental physics experiments, spectroscopy, and calibration of instruments that require highly stable frequency references. Its stability and well-characterized properties make it central to precision measurements and metrological infrastructure.

Safety and handling. Cesium is highly reactive, especially with water, releasing heat and caustic products. Cs-133-containing materials must be handled with appropriate precautions, including inert atmospheres and corrosion-resistant containment.