Crosshatch

Crosshatch is a shading and pattern technique that uses intersecting sets of parallel lines to create value, depth, and texture in drawing, illustration, and engraving. The effect can simulate tonal gradation by varying line density, thickness, and angle.

The method builds on simple hatching, which employs single-direction lines. By crossing lines at different angles, crosshatching increases tonal range and can suggest form more effectively. It has been used since the early modern period in drawings and printmaking, and is common in ink and pencil work. Masters of line work used it to model light and shadow on figures, objects, and landscapes.

Practical variation usually involves two or more directions, typically at 45-degree angles, though 60 or 90 degrees are also used. Density controls value; closer lines yield darker tones. Contour crosshatching follows the surface contours to enhance volume. More layers or varied line weight can produce richer textures. In digital art, crosshatching can be simulated with brushes or vector patterns.

In addition to fine arts, crosshatching appears in printmaking, technical illustration, comics, and textile patterns. Distinguishing from plain hatching, crosshatching emphasizes a grid-like or lattice texture and allows greater tonal range, though it can also reduce legibility if overused. The term may also describe grid-based textures in graphic design or typography.