CpGODN
CpGODN, short for CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, are short synthetic DNA sequences that include unmethylated cytosine-guanine (CpG) motifs. These motifs resemble bacterial and viral DNA and can activate the innate immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), primarily in endosomal compartments of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells.
CpGODN stimulate a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway that leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as
Typical CpGODN are about 18–24 nucleotides long. To resist nuclease degradation, many CpGODN employ a phosphorothioate
CpGODN have been investigated as vaccine adjuvants to enhance antibody and T cell responses, and as components
The CpG motif’s immunostimulatory activity was identified in the 1990s, with key work by researchers including