Covid19pandemien

The COVID-19 pandemic refers to a global outbreak of disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak was first identified in late 2019, with initial cases reported in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30, 2020 and characterized the situation as a pandemic on March 11, 2020.

The disease is primarily spread through respiratory droplets and aerosols, with transmission occurring in close contact and, in some cases, via contaminated surfaces. Most infections cause mild to moderate illness, but severe disease can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell; some individuals are asymptomatic. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days.

Global responses included widespread testing, contact tracing, isolation, mask use, ventilation improvements, and social distancing measures. Vaccines were developed rapidly using multiple platforms and are widely administered to reduce severe disease and death. Antiviral medications and monoclonal antibody therapies have been used to treat certain cases, along with supportive care and oxygen therapy.

The pandemic placed substantial strain on health systems, caused excess mortality in many regions, and disrupted education, travel, and economies. The burden was uneven, with lower-income countries often facing greater challenges. As the situation evolved, many regions experienced endemic circulation with periodic waves, and public health strategies continued to adapt, including updated vaccine formulations.

Ongoing surveillance and research continue to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccine effectiveness, and long-term outcomes such as long COVID.