Corkscrews

Corkscrews are hand tools designed to remove cork stoppers from bottles, most commonly wine. The core component is a metal worm or helix that is screwed into the cork. A handle provides grip, and many designs incorporate a lever to multiply force. Variants include manual, lever, winged, and electric corkscrews.

Designs and variants include the waiter's corkscrew, which combines a corkscrew with a small foil cutter and a folding lever; winged corkscrews, which have two arms that rise as the worm penetrates the cork to provide leverage; lever-type corkscrews that use a long lever mounted on a plate to pull the cork with minimal damage; and electric models that automate the turning of the worm.

History and development: Corkscrews likely appeared in the 17th century as corks became common in bottles. Early designs were simple two- or three-piece tools, and over time a range of forms developed for home and professional use. In the 19th and 20th centuries, mass production and patents helped standardize popular forms such as the waiter’s friend and various lever systems.

Materials and maintenance: Traditional corkscrews are made of steel with wood or plastic handles. Modern examples use stainless steel, brass, aluminum, and plastics. Keep tools clean and dry to prevent corrosion, and avoid bending or dulling the worm. Clean cork residue after use and replace damaged components as needed.

Usage considerations: To use, center the worm on the cork and twist until firmly embedded, then employ the lever or wings to extract the cork steadily. Proper technique minimizes cork crumble and bottle damage. Corkscrews are common in households, restaurants, and wine-related tools.