Confiscatory

Confiscatory refers to an action or policy that involves the seizure of private property by an authority, typically the government, without compensation or with minimal compensation. This seizure is often carried out as a penalty for illegal activities, such as smuggling, tax evasion, or corruption. In some cases, confiscatory measures can also be implemented for public interest reasons, such as nationalization of industries or land reform, although these are often accompanied by some form of compensation. The term "confiscatory" carries a negative connotation, implying that the taking of property is unjust or excessive. The legality and justification of confiscatory actions are often subjects of debate and depend on the specific legal framework and circumstances of the case. International law and domestic legislation provide varying degrees of protection for private property against confiscation.