Compartimentspieren

Compartimentspieren, also known as muscle compartments, are groups of muscles within the body that are enclosed by a tough, fibrous membrane called fascia. This fascial sheath divides the body into distinct regions, each containing specific muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The compartments are typically named based on their location, such as the anterior compartment of the forearm or the lateral compartment of the leg.

The primary function of these fascial compartments is to contain the muscles and allow them to contract and expand efficiently. By separating muscle groups, they prevent interference between opposing muscle actions and provide structural support. This organization is crucial for coordinated movement and for maintaining pressure within the muscle group.

A significant clinical concern related to muscle compartments is compartment syndrome. This condition occurs when pressure within a compartment rises to a level that compromises blood flow and can damage muscles and nerves. Acute compartment syndrome is often caused by trauma, such as fractures or severe contusions, leading to swelling and increased pressure. Chronic compartment syndrome, also known as exertional compartment syndrome, can develop during or after physical activity, particularly in athletes, and is often related to overuse. Symptoms typically include pain, tightness, numbness, and weakness within the affected compartment. Diagnosis often involves measuring the pressure within the compartment. Treatment for acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency, requiring a fasciotomy to release the pressure.