Coir

Coir is a natural fiber obtained from the husk of coconuts (Cocos nucifera). It is produced as a by-product of the coconut processing industry when the husks are retted, decorticated, and fibers separated. The fiber is traditionally categorized into brown coir, from ripe husks and typically coarser, and white coir, from green husks and finer. It can be processed as long fibers or short fibers, and is manufactured into products such as ropes and cords, mats and doormats, brushes, carpet backings, and geotextiles. The remaining material after fiber extraction, known as coir pith or coir dust, is used as a growing medium and soil conditioner in horticulture.

Coir has high lignin content and natural durability, with good abrasion resistance and resistance to saltwater, which supports its use in marine and outdoor applications. It is biodegradable and relatively low in cost, making it a popular sustainable fiber for a range of applications, though its moisture absorption and tendency to lose strength when wet limit some uses.

Major producers include India and Sri Lanka, with significant activity in Bangladesh and Indonesia. The industry is an important employment source in coastal rural areas, and ongoing research aims to improve fiber yield, quality, and expanding uses in construction, horticulture, and textiles.