Cofaktorbindung

Cofaktorbindung refers to the process by which a cofactor, a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion, binds to an enzyme or protein. This binding is essential for the biological activity of many enzymes, which are incapable of catalyzing their reactions without the presence of their respective cofactors. Cofactors can be divided into two main categories: organic molecules, often called coenzymes, and inorganic metal ions. Coenzymes are frequently derived from vitamins.

The interaction between a cofactor and its protein can be either transient or permanent. If the cofactor is only loosely associated with the protein and dissociates after the reaction, it is called a cosubstrate. If the cofactor is tightly bound to the protein, often for the entire life of the enzyme, it is referred to as a prosthetic group. In some cases, the enzyme without its cofactor is called an apoenzyme, and the complete, active enzyme with its bound cofactor is known as a holoenzyme. The binding of the cofactor often induces a conformational change in the protein, which is critical for its catalytic function or for its interaction with other molecules. This binding event is a fundamental aspect of enzyme regulation and biological chemistry.