Coagulopátia

Coagulopátia refers to a group of disorders that affect the blood's ability to clot. When a blood vessel is injured, the body normally responds by forming a blood clot to stop bleeding. This process involves a complex cascade of proteins called clotting factors. In individuals with a coagulopátia, one or more of these clotting factors are either missing, deficient, or not functioning properly, impairing the ability to form effective clots.

The consequences of a coagulopátia can range from mild to severe, often manifesting as excessive bleeding. This bleeding can occur internally, such as in the muscles or joints, or externally, as seen in nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery. Bruising easily is also a common symptom.

Coagulopatias can be inherited, such as hemophilia A and B or von Willebrand disease, or acquired later in life. Acquired coagulopatias can result from various conditions, including liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), or as a side effect of certain medications like anticoagulants. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests that assess the function and levels of clotting factors. Treatment strategies depend on the specific type and severity of the coagulopátia and may include replacing deficient clotting factors, administering medications to promote clotting, or managing the underlying cause.