Clarinets

The clarinet is a family of woodwind instruments characterized by a single-reed mouthpiece, a nearly cylindrical bore, and a wide, flexible range. It is typically made of grenadilla wood or plastic for student models, and it is most commonly keyed according to the Boehm system.

A standard concert clarinet is divided into three sections: the mouthpiece with reed, the upper joint, and the lower joint with the bell. The bore’s near-cylindrical shape contributes to a warm, flexible tone, which can be focused in the lower register with embouchure and air support. The instrument is versatile across styles and ensembles.

The most common member is the B-flat concert clarinet, with A and E-flat variants used for music in different keys. Larger members include the bass clarinet (in B-flat) and the alto clarinet (in E-flat). The contrabass clarinet extends the low range, and there are also rare or specialized models such as C or D clarinets and alternate-key systems.

Playing techniques emphasize precise embouchure, breath control, and finger agility. The clarinet typically spans about three and a half octaves, transitioning between the chalumeau and clarino registers through fingerings and the use of the register key. It is central in orchestral and chamber music, concert bands, and jazz.

Historically, the instrument emerged in the early 18th century, with notable refinements by Johann Christoph Denner. The modern Boehm system of 1839 standardized fingering, added keys, and improved intonation, expanding the instrument’s range and orchestral viability.

Maintenance involves regular swabbing and cleaning, reed replacement, and pad and cork upkeep. Student models often use durable plastics, while professional instruments typically employ Grenadilla wood.