Citoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is a dynamic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. It is composed of three main types of filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Microfilaments, also known as actin filaments, are the thinnest filaments and are involved in cell movement, muscle contraction, and cell shape. Intermediate filaments are more stable and provide mechanical strength to cells and tissues, resisting stretching. Microtubules are the thickest filaments and play roles in cell division, intracellular transport, and maintaining cell shape.

The cytoskeleton is essential for a variety of cellular processes. It provides structural support, enabling cells to maintain their shape and resist deformation. It also facilitates cell motility, allowing cells to move through their environment or to change their shape. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton acts as a transport system, with motor proteins carrying organelles and vesicles along microtubule and microfilament tracks. During cell division, the cytoskeleton reorganizes to segregate chromosomes and divide the cytoplasm. The dynamic nature of the cytoskeleton allows it to rapidly assemble and disassemble, responding to cellular signals and environmental changes. This adaptability is crucial for processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and wound healing. Disruptions to the cytoskeleton can lead to various cellular dysfunctions and diseases.