Cistercian

The Cistercians, or the Order of Cistercians, are a Roman Catholic monastic order of monks and nuns known for a return to the strict observance of the Rule of St. Benedict, with emphasis on simplicity, manual labor, and liturgical prayer. They are sometimes called the White Monks for the pale undyed habit worn by their members.

Origins and growth: The order began in 1098 at Cîteaux Abbey in Burgundy, France, when a group of Benedictine monks led by Robert of Molesmes sought to restore a more austere form of monastic life, with the support of Stephen Harding and Alberic. The movement quickly spread to established houses such as Clairvaux, Pontigny, Fontenay, and Morimond in the 12th century. Bernard of Clairvaux became a prominent reformer and advocate for the order, helping it gain influence across medieval Europe.

Principles and practice: The Cistercians followed the Benedictine rule but pursued stricter discipline, rigorous work, and a focus on self-sufficiency. Their architecture favored austere, functional forms, with plain interiors and minimal sculpture. Economically, the order developed modern agricultural practices, water management, and crafts to support its communities.

Organization and modern presence: The order later split into the Common Observance and the more reform-minded Strict Observance, known as the Trappists. Today, Cistercians maintain communities for both men and women worldwide, continuing a life centered on contemplative prayer, study, and labor within a framework of monastic discipline.