Cisnepetalactone

Cisnepetalactone is a naturally occurring organic compound belonging to the iridoid class of monoterpenes. It is a significant component of the essential oil found in various plants, most notably catnip (Nepeta cataria) and other species of the Nepeta genus. This compound is primarily recognized for its role in the characteristic aroma and certain biological activities associated with these plants.

The chemical structure of cisnepetalactone features a five-membered ring fused with a six-membered ring, containing a lactone functional group and a double bond in the cis configuration. This specific stereochemistry is crucial for its properties. It is an isomer of transnepetalactone, another related compound found in catnip, though cisnepetalactone is generally considered the more abundant and impactful isomer in terms of scent and biological effects.

Cisnepetalactone is widely known for its cat attractant properties. It is the primary compound responsible for the euphoric and behavioral responses observed in many domestic cats when exposed to catnip. This attraction is mediated through the cat's olfactory system, specifically interacting with the V1R protein receptor. Beyond its effect on felines, research has explored other potential biological activities of cisnepetalactone, including insect repellent properties and possible antimicrobial effects, though these areas require further investigation. Its presence in essential oils also contributes to the overall fragrance profile of plants like catnip.