Cisma

Cisma is a term used in several Romance languages to denote a division, split, or schism within a group, such as a religious body, political movement, or social organization. In English, it is often used as a direct translation of "schism." The word derives from Latin scisma, from Greek skhisma, both meaning a cleaving.

In religious contexts, a cisma describes a formal separation where new communities emerge, often due to doctrinal disagreements, disputes over authority, or divergent practices. Such splits can be lasting and produce rival institutions that claim continuity with their predecessors.

Beyond religion, cisma may describe political or organizational divisions. In addition to its general use, Cisma can function as a proper noun in various languages, appearing as a surname or place name, and it may be used as a title or term in fictional or artistic works.

The concept is closely related to the broader phenomenon of schism, highlighting how groups distinguish themselves through divergent beliefs, governance, and practices.