Ciproterone

Ciproterone is a synthetic steroidal antiandrogen and progestogen. It is primarily used to treat androgen-dependent conditions in both men and women. In men, it is used to reduce the effects of high levels of androgens, such as testosterone, which can be beneficial in conditions like prostate cancer and hirsutism (excessive hair growth). It can also be used to suppress libido in cases of hypersexuality.

In women, ciproterone is often prescribed as part of a combination therapy with a synthetic estrogen, typically ethinylestradiol, for the treatment of acne and hirsutism that are severe and unresponsive to other treatments. It works by blocking the action of androgens, which are responsible for the development of these conditions. Ciproterone acetate is the most common salt form used in pharmaceutical preparations.

The mechanism of action involves binding to androgen receptors, thereby preventing androgens from exerting their effects. It also has progestogenic activity, which can suppress the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland, leading to a reduction in ovarian androgen production.

Ciproterone can cause side effects, which may include mood changes, fatigue, weight gain, and decreased libido. More serious side effects, though less common, can include liver problems and an increased risk of blood clots. Its use requires careful medical supervision due to its hormonal effects and potential for adverse reactions. It is not suitable for all individuals and its prescription is based on a thorough assessment of risks and benefits.