Chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums, commonly called mums, are flowering plants in the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. They are native to Asia and northeastern Europe and have been cultivated for centuries for their flowers. The genus comprises numerous species and thousands of cultivars, and garden varieties are widely grown for ornament, as cut flowers, and in some cultures for traditional use. In horticulture, the term “mums” is often used for cultivar groups descended from C. morifolium and related hybrids.

Most chrysanthemums are herbaceous perennials or short-lived perennials, with forms ranging from compact, spreading mounds to tall, upright plants. Leaves are lobed, and the stems bear composite flower heads with central disc florets surrounded by ray florets. Flower colors include white, yellow, orange, pink, red, and purple, and flower forms include daisy-like, pompon, cushion, and spray.

Chrysanthemums are widely cultivated as autumn-blooming ornamentals. Many cultivars are short-day plants that begin flowering as day length shortens in late summer or fall, while some varieties are day-neutral. They prefer well-drained soil and full sun. Propagation is commonly by cuttings or division. They require regular watering and can be affected by pests such as aphids and spider mites and by diseases such as powdery mildew and botrytis.

Beyond ornament, certain species have traditional uses in East Asia, notably Chrysanthemum morifolium, whose flowers are used to make chrysanthemum tea and feature in herbal remedies. In some cultures the flower is associated with longevity and autumn. Garden mums are also widely used in cut arrangements and dried displays.

Safety: Chrysanthemum species contain compounds related to pyrethrins; ingestion by pets can cause gastrointestinal upset and other symptoms. They should be kept away from dogs and cats where possible. As with all garden plants, winter hardiness and performance vary by cultivar and local climate.