Chromatográfia

Chromatográfia is a laboratory technique used to separate mixtures. The fundamental principle involves passing a mixture through a stationary phase, which can be a solid or a liquid, while a mobile phase, either a liquid or a gas, moves through the stationary phase. Components of the mixture interact differently with the stationary and mobile phases. Those components that have a stronger affinity for the stationary phase will move more slowly, while those with a stronger affinity for the mobile phase will move more quickly. This differential movement leads to the separation of the mixture into its individual components.

There are various types of chromatography, distinguished by the nature of the stationary and mobile phases. Common examples include liquid chromatography, where the mobile phase is a liquid, and gas chromatography, where the mobile phase is a gas. Within these broad categories, further classifications exist, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatography. The choice of chromatography method depends on the properties of the substances being separated, such as their volatility, polarity, and molecular size.

Chromatography is widely used in many scientific disciplines, including chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science. It is employed for a range of applications, such as analyzing the composition of samples, purifying compounds, identifying unknown substances, and quantifying the amount of each component in a mixture. Its ability to achieve high resolution and sensitivity makes it an indispensable tool in research and quality control.