Cerumenolytic

Cerumenolytic refers to substances designed to soften, dissolve, or facilitate the removal of cerumen, the ear’s natural wax. These agents are typically applied as drops to the external auditory canal and are used to treat cerumen impaction or excess earwax. They may act chemically to loosen wax or serve as lubricants that enable natural drainage.

Most cerumenolytics are peroxide-based or oil-based. Carbamide peroxide preparations release oxygen as they contact moisture, softening and fragmenting wax. Oil-based products, including mineral oil, olive oil, or glycerin-containing formulations, primarily lubricate and soften cerumen to aid eventual suction or gentle irrigation. Hydrogen peroxide solutions are also used, but can cause irritation in some patients and should be used according to instructions, avoiding use in certain conditions.

Typical use involves instilling several drops into the ear, waiting several minutes, and then rinsing with warm water or saline. People should avoid inserting cotton swabs or attempting self-irrigation when there is pain, discharge, a history of perforated tympanic membrane, ear tubes, or recent ear surgery. If symptoms persist or if there is suspected perforation, seek medical evaluation.

While cerumenolytics are commonly effective for mild impaction, some cases require manual removal by a healthcare professional. Cerumen itself serves to protect the ear, so treatment decisions should consider the balance between relief of blockage and preservation of natural defenses.