Cementumissa

Cementumissa is a Finnish word that translates to "in the cementum." Cementum is a specialized bony tissue that covers the root of a tooth. It is one of the four main components of a tooth, along with enamel, dentin, and pulp. This yellowish-gray tissue is part of the periodontium, which is the specialized system of tissues that surrounds and supports the teeth. Cementum's primary role is to anchor the fibers of the periodontal ligament, which attach the tooth to the alveolar bone.

The composition of cementum is approximately 45-50% inorganic material, primarily hydroxyapatite, and 50-55% organic material, including collagen fibers and cells. It is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels, and is less mineralized than enamel or dentin. Cementum is continuously deposited throughout life, albeit at a slow rate, which helps to repair and remodel the root surface in response to forces exerted on the tooth.

There are two main types of cementum: acellular and cellular. Acellular cementum is found in the cervical portion of the root and does not contain cells. Cellular cementum, which contains cementocytes, is located in the apical portion of the root and is more prevalent in areas where the tooth experiences occlusal forces. The presence of cementum is crucial for maintaining the stability and health of teeth within the jawbone. Issues with cementum, such as excessive loss or abnormal formation, can lead to periodontal disease and tooth mobility.