Celleforløsning

Celleforløsning, also known as cell lysis, is the process by which the cell membrane of a cell breaks down. This can occur through various mechanisms, both natural and artificial. In biological contexts, cell lysis can be a part of programmed cell death (apoptosis) or a consequence of viral infection, where the virus replicates within the cell and eventually causes it to burst, releasing new viral particles. Bacterial cells can also undergo lysis, sometimes due to the action of bacteriophages, viruses that specifically infect bacteria.

Artificial cell lysis is a common technique in molecular biology and biochemistry. It is used to release the internal contents of cells, such as proteins, DNA, or RNA, for further study or manipulation. Various methods exist for inducing lysis, including mechanical disruption (e.g., sonication, homogenization), chemical treatments (e.g., detergents that disrupt cell membranes), or osmotic shock, where a sudden change in the surrounding solution's salt concentration causes water to rush into or out of the cell, leading to its rupture. The choice of lysis method depends on the cell type, the desired yield, and the integrity required for the released cellular components. Understanding cell lysis is crucial for many research applications, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic strategies.