CatecholOMethy

Catechol-O-methyltransferase, often abbreviated as COMT, is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the body's metabolism of certain compounds, particularly catecholamines. These catecholamines include important neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. COMT functions by transferring a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to one of the hydroxyl groups on the catechol ring of these molecules. This process, known as methylation, effectively inactivates these neurotransmitters, marking them for degradation and excretion.

The activity of COMT is crucial for regulating the levels of catecholamines in the brain and throughout the body. By breaking down these neurotransmitters, COMT influences various physiological processes, including mood, attention, and stress responses. Genetic variations in the COMT gene can lead to differences in enzyme activity, which has been linked to variations in neurotransmitter levels and susceptibility to certain conditions. For instance, individuals with a less active form of COMT may have higher levels of dopamine, which has been associated with traits like impulsivity or a greater response to certain medications.

The enzyme is found in various tissues, with significant activity in the liver, kidneys, and brain. Its presence in the brain is particularly important for modulating synaptic neurotransmitter concentrations. Research into COMT continues to explore its precise mechanisms and its implications for a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as its role in drug metabolism and response.