Carnaval

Carnaval, or Carnaval, is a festive season observed in many countries, typically during the weeks leading up to Lent. The climax often occurs on Shrove Tuesday, or Mardi Gras, but the exact dates vary by locale and year.

Historically rooted in Catholic practice, Carnival blends religious observance with secular and folk traditions. In some places it preserves ancient rites and masquerade customs; in others it functions as a city-wide street party with public performances and communal celebrations. Common features include public parades or street processions, exuberant costumes and masks, music and dancing, feasting, and sometimes balls or organized competitions between groups or communities. The tone can be celebratory, satirical, or political.

Regional forms vary widely. In Brazil, Carnival is famous for samba parades in the Sambadrome, elaborate costumes, and performances by rival samba schools. In Venice, Carnevale is renowned for masked balls and intricately decorated masks, with historical costumes. In Trinidad and Tobago and some Caribbean nations, Carnival features calypso and soca music, masquerade bands, and street parties. The Mardi Gras celebrations of New Orleans in the United States combine parades, krewes, beads, and music. Other notable celebrations occur in Portugal, Spain, Madeira, and various parts of Africa and Europe.

Beyond entertainment, Carnival has social and economic roles, drawing international visitors and shaping local economies while sometimes inviting debate over commercialization, safety, and cultural representation.