Cardioselektiva

Cardioselective refers to a drug's ability to preferentially bind to and affect beta-1 adrenergic receptors, which are primarily located in the heart. This contrasts with non-selective beta-blockers, which can block both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors found in the lungs, blood vessels, and other tissues. The term cardioselective is often used in the context of beta-blocker medications.

Beta-1 receptors, when stimulated by adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine), increase heart rate and contractility. Beta-blockers that are cardioselective work by inhibiting this stimulation, leading to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and the workload on the heart. This makes them useful in treating conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).

The advantage of cardioselectivity is a reduced risk of side effects associated with blocking beta-2 receptors. For example, blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs can lead to bronchoconstriction, which can be problematic for individuals with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, cardioselective beta-blockers are generally considered a safer option for these patients.

However, it is important to note that cardioselectivity is relative and can be lost at higher doses. If a cardioselective beta-blocker is administered at a sufficiently high concentration, it may begin to affect beta-2 receptors as well. Therefore, medical professionals carefully select the appropriate dosage and type of beta-blocker based on the patient's specific condition and medical history.