Carboxüülhape

Carboxüülhape is the Hungarian term for carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group, which is a carbonyl group (a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom) bonded to a hydroxyl group (an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom). This group is often represented as -COOH.

The general formula for a carboxylic acid is R-COOH, where 'R' represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a hydrogen atom. The simplest carboxylic acid is formic acid (methanoic acid), where R is a hydrogen atom. Other common examples include acetic acid (ethanoic acid), found in vinegar, and benzoic acid, an aromatic carboxylic acid.

Carboxylic acids are generally weak acids. They can donate a proton (H+) from the hydroxyl group, forming a carboxylate anion (-COO-) and a hydronium ion (H3O+) when dissolved in water. This acidic character is due to the resonance stabilization of the carboxylate anion.

These compounds are found widely in nature, playing roles in biological processes such as metabolism. They are also important in industry, used in the production of plastics, solvents, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. Their reactions include esterification, where they react with alcohols to form esters, and amide formation, where they react with amines to form amides.