Capfire

Capfire refers to a phenomenon that can occur with certain types of firearm ammunition. It happens when a primer ignites, but the main propellant charge within the cartridge does not, or ignites insufficiently. This results in a failure of the projectile to be expelled from the barrel, leaving it lodged inside.

The term "capfire" is derived from the initial ignition of the primer, which is often referred to as the "cap." While the primer provides the spark, the lack of a full propellant burn prevents the necessary pressure buildup to propel the bullet. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including defective propellant, moisture contamination, or damage to the cartridge casing that compromises the seal.

A capfire event is a malfunction that requires careful handling. The firearm should not be fired again until the obstruction is cleared. Attempting to fire a weapon with a lodged projectile can lead to dangerous pressure buildup, potentially causing damage to the firearm or injury to the shooter. Clearing a capfire typically involves safely unloading the firearm and then using appropriate tools to remove the undischarged round from the barrel. Ammunition manufacturers and firearm safety guidelines emphasize the importance of inspecting ammunition for defects and ensuring proper firearm maintenance to minimize the risk of malfunctions like capfires.