CalderbankShorSteane
Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes, commonly abbreviated as CSS codes, are a class of quantum error-correcting codes named after Andrew Calderbank, Peter Shor, and Andrew Steane. They provide a structured way to protect quantum information from both bit-flip (X) and phase-flip (Z) errors by combining two classical codes within the stabilizer formalism.
Construction and basic properties: A CSS code is built from two classical binary codes C1 and C2
Historical context and significance: The CSS construction was introduced independently by Calderbank and Shor in 1996
Examples and applications: The Steane code is a prominent seven-qubit CSS code derived from the classical [7,4,3]