Cadinenes

Cadinenes are a group of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of various plants, most notably in the genus Juniperus and also in species like Myristica fragrans (nutmeg). They are characterized by a bicyclic structure containing a decalin ring system and a trans-fused ring. The term "cadinene" itself refers to a specific isomer, (–)-δ-cadinene, but it is often used more broadly to encompass a family of related isomers.

The most common cadinene isomers include α-cadinene, β-cadinene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene. These isomers differ in the position of double bonds within the molecule and, consequently, in their stereochemistry. Their presence contributes to the characteristic aroma and flavor profiles of the plants in which they are found. For instance, cadinenes are significant components of the scent of juniper berries and are also found in sandalwood and eucalyptus oils.

In terms of their chemical properties, cadinenes are volatile organic compounds. Their synthesis in plants is part of the complex terpene biosynthesis pathways. While they are primarily known for their olfactory contributions, research has explored potential biological activities of cadinenes, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and insecticidal properties, though further investigation is often required to confirm these effects and their mechanisms. Their presence in traditional medicines and perfumery highlights their long-standing use, even if the specific compounds were not always identified.