CXCVIII

CXCVIII is the Roman numeral representation of the number one hundred and ninety‑three. The construction follows the standard rules of Roman numerals in which a smaller numeral placed before a larger one indicates subtraction. In this case, C (100) is followed by XC (90) to give 190, and the trailing III adds 3, yielding a total of 193.

In historical contexts, the number 193 appears in the chronology of the Roman Empire. In 193 AD, the emperor Septimius Severus was assassinated in a palace coup, and the year is therefore often cited in discussions of early imperial succession. The year is also noted for the beginnings of the Severan dynasty’s consolidation of power. While the numeral CXCVIII itself is not an ancient inscription, it is used in modern scholarship and chronology to reference events of that year.

Outside of historical usage, CXCVIII can be found as a designation in various modern contexts, such as numbering of books, chapters, or works of art. For example, a contemporary musical group might title a single "CXCVIII" as a stylistic reference to the number 193. In technical documentation or engineering, numerical identifiers occasionally employ Roman numerals for aesthetic reasons; in such cases CXCVIII could denote a particular model or version.

The reference to CXCVIII is also sometimes seen in education, particularly when teaching students how to read and write Roman numerals. Exercises that practice conversion from 193 to CXCVIII reinforce the subtractive principle of the system. The numeral is considered fully standard, though rarer than alternatives such as "CXCIII" in some older texts.

Overall, CXCVIII functions primarily as a concise way of expressing 193, and it appears across historical, educational, and cultural materials wherever Roman numerals are used to denote that specific number.