CSMACDbaserad

CSMACDbaserad is a term used to describe Ethernet networks that use the CSMA/CD access method. CSMA/CD stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. The approach relies on sharing a common physical medium, such as coaxial cable or twisted-pair, and was common in early Ethernet topologies and some legacy or half‑duplex configurations.

In a CSMA/CD-based network, a node listens for a free channel before transmitting. If the medium is idle, the device starts sending. If another station begins transmitting during the transmission, a collision occurs. All transmitting stations detect the collision, stop transmitting, and after a random backoff period (binary exponential backoff) retry when the channel is free again. A jam signal may be used to ensure all stations detect the collision.

Performance is affected by network size and traffic. As the number of stations and traffic increases, collisions become more frequent and throughput falls. Propagation delay also limits efficiency. In modern Ethernet, switches create separate collision domains and operate in full-duplex mode, reducing the relevance of CSMA/CD. CSMA/CD remains a topic of historical and compatibility interest, largely in older or specialized networks.

Standards: CSMA/CD is defined in IEEE 802.3. It applied to early Ethernet variants such as 10 Mbps coaxial or 10BASE-T half‑duplex. Contemporary Ethernet typically avoids CSMA/CD on active links, except in certain legacy, industrial, or manually segmented networks.