CMOStekniikalla

CMOStekniikalla, or CMOS technology, refers to a method of manufacturing integrated circuits. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, which describes the primary components used in its construction. These components are a pair of complementary field-effect transistors, one of type p-channel and the other of type n-channel. The complementary nature means that when one transistor is switched on, the other is switched off, leading to significantly reduced power consumption. This is a key advantage of CMOS technology over older technologies like NMOS.

The semiconductor material used in CMOS is typically silicon, which is insulated by an oxide layer, hence the "Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor" part of the name. The "Metal" refers to the gate electrode, which was historically made of metal but is now often made of polysilicon. CMOS technology is dominant in modern electronics due to its low static power dissipation, high noise immunity, and scalability. It is the foundation for microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM (SRAM), and many other digital and analog integrated circuits found in everything from personal computers and smartphones to industrial equipment and automotive systems. Its efficiency and cost-effectiveness have made it the standard for digital logic design.