CH3NO2

CH3NO2, commonly known as nitromethane, is the simplest nitroalkane. It consists of a methyl group attached to a nitro group (–NO2) and is used as a versatile solvent and chemical building block. In appearance it is a colorless, mobile liquid with a characteristic odor. The molecule is polar due to the nitro group, and the carbon-hydrogen bonds alpha to the nitro group are relatively acidic, enabling formation of a nitromethyl carbanion under strong bases.

Structure and properties relevant to reactivity stem from the nitro group, which withdraws electron density and stabilizes adjacent negative charge via resonance. This stabilizing effect makes nitromethane a useful precursor in carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, such as alkylations and various condensation processes in organic synthesis.

Production and availability: nitromethane is produced commercially by controlled nitration and related processes of methane derivatives under acidic conditions, and it is supplied as a solvent and reagent for laboratory and industrial use.

Uses: as a solvent, nitromethane dissolves many organic compounds and serves as a reagent in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and polymers. It is also valued as a high-energy fuel additive and oxidizer-rich component in some specialized fuels, notably in auto racing and rocketry, where its energy content enhances performance.

Safety: nitromethane is flammable and toxic if inhaled or absorbed. It can form explosive mixtures with oxidizers and may detonate under certain conditions, particularly when pure or contaminated. Proper handling includes ventilation, protective equipment, and storage away from heat and strong oxidizers.