CD211IL33

CD211IL33, also known as IL-33, is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family. It is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-33 is widely expressed in various tissues, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and is typically found in intracellular compartments. It is released upon cellular damage or stress, acting as an "alarmin" to alert the immune system to danger.

The primary receptor for IL-33 is ST2, also known as IL33R or IL1RL1, which forms a heterodimer with the co-receptor IL-1RAcP. Upon binding to its receptor complex, IL-33 triggers signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK, leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators. IL-33 is particularly important in the activation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. It promotes the differentiation of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and the production of type 2 cytokines like IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.

IL-33 is implicated in a range of physiological and pathological processes. It contributes to host defense against helminth infections and plays a role in allergic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Its involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis is also an active area of research. Conversely, IL-33 can also exert regulatory functions, influencing tissue repair and regeneration. Given its broad impact on immune responses, IL-33 and its receptor ST2 are considered potential therapeutic targets for various immune-mediated disorders.