CD132

CD132, also known as the common gamma chain or gamma-c, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a component of several cytokine receptors, including those for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. These cytokines are vital for the development and function of various immune cells, particularly T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

The gene encoding CD132 is located on the X chromosome. Mutations in this gene are the cause of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID), a rare and serious genetic disorder. Individuals with X-SCID have a severely impaired immune system, making them highly susceptible to infections. The absence or dysfunction of CD132 prevents the proper signaling of the aforementioned cytokines, leading to a deficiency in functional lymphocytes.

The discovery of CD132 and its role in X-SCID has been instrumental in understanding immune development and has paved the way for gene therapy approaches to treat this condition. Research continues to explore the diverse functions of CD132 and its involvement in other immune-related processes and diseases.