CCSM
CCSM stands for the Community Climate System Model, a coupled climate model developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in the United States. It is designed to simulate interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice to reproduce the Earth’s climate system over long timescales. The model is used for paleoclimate studies, historical simulations, and future climate projections under various greenhouse gas forcing scenarios.
The CCSM is a modular, coupled general circulation model. Its principal components typically include the Community
Historically, CCSM has been released in major iterations such as CCSM3 and CCSM4, each refining model physics,
CCSM/CESM is widely employed in climate research to explore sensitivity to forcings, project future climate states,