CCSCCUS

CCSCCUS refers to the integrated set of technologies for carbon capture, storage, and utilization, often discussed as CCUS. The term combines capture with either storing CO2 or using it for another purpose before storage. In practice, CCUS encompasses capture, transport, storage, and sometimes conversion of CO2 into products.

CO2 capture occurs at industrial sources such as power plants, cement kilns, and refineries. It uses post-combustion, pre-combustion, or oxy-fuel methods, with technologies like chemical absorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation. Captured CO2 is then compressed for transport, typically via pipelines or shipping.

Storage involves injecting CO2 into geological formations—depleted reservoirs or deep saline aquifers—with monitoring to ensure containment. Utilization turns CO2 into products (chemicals, fuels, plastics) or uses it for processes such as enhanced oil recovery or mineralization.

Deployment is influenced by economics, policy, and permitting. Costs include energy penalties for capture and infrastructure. Policy tools such as carbon pricing or tax credits can support investment, while safety, liability, and public acceptance affect project development.

CCS and CCUS are considered key options for decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors, including cement and steel, and for enabling negative emissions in certain scenarios. Widespread adoption depends on technology maturation, cost reductions, and robust regulatory frameworks.