C5H11NO2

C5H11NO2 is the molecular formula for valine, one of the twenty standard amino acids used by living organisms. Valine is an essential amino acid for humans, meaning it cannot be synthesized de novo and must be obtained from the diet.

Valine is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic amino acid with a branched isopropyl side chain, which contributes to its chemical formula C5H11NO2. In its neutral form, valine has the IUPAC name 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, and the natural form used in biology is the L-enantiomer (L-valine).

The compound has a molecular weight of about 117.15 g/mol. At physiological pH valine exists predominantly as a zwitterion, with a protonated amino group and a deprotonated carboxylate.

Valine is a component of proteins and participates in protein synthesis, energy production, and metabolism of other compounds. It is one of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), along with leucine and isoleucine; these are abundant in muscle tissue and are commonly consumed in protein-rich foods such as meat, dairy, eggs, and soy, as well as in various plant sources.

In dietary supplements, valine is often included as part of BCAA formulations for athletes, though intake should align with nutritional needs. Biochemically, valine is synthesized in plants and bacteria but not in humans. Deficiency is rare but can occur in cases of severe malnutrition, leading to impaired growth and protein synthesis. Valine is commonly studied in nutrition, metabolism, and protein chemistry.