C13H12O

C13H12O is the molecular formula for a group of organic compounds containing thirteen carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The degree of unsaturation calculated from the formula is eight, which is consistent with the presence of an aromatic ring as well as a single functional group containing oxygen. Most commonly, molecules with this formula contain a phenyl ring and either a ketone, aldehyde or alcohol functional group. Examples include phenylketones such as 2-phenylpropan-1-one and phenylaldehydes such as 4-phenylbutanal, both of which share the C13H12O stoichiometry.

Because the formula permits a large number of structural isomers, the physical properties of molecules with this composition can vary widely. Typical compounds in this class are colorless or pale yellow liquids with melting points ranging from around –10 °C to over 30 °C and boiling points between 200 °C and 250 °C. They are generally insoluble in water but dissolve readily in organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, and benzene.

Chemically, C13H12O derivatives are used in a variety of industries. In the fragrance sector they serve as key intermediates or final aroma compounds, while in pharmaceuticals they act as building blocks or active agents. Additionally, some isomers are employed as flavoring substances and as reagents in the synthesis of larger heterocyclic or aromatic frameworks. The versatility of the C13H12O skeleton contributes to its utility across synthetic organic chemistry, material science, and applied chemistry.