C12H14N2O4

C12H14N2O4, also known as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H14N2O4. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is widely used as an explosive material. The compound consists of a toluene molecule (C7H8) with three nitro groups (NO2) attached to the benzene ring at the 2, 4, and 6 positions. The presence of these nitro groups makes TNT highly explosive, with a detonation velocity of approximately 6,930 meters per second.

TNT is synthesized through the nitration of toluene using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. The reaction is highly exothermic and requires careful control to prevent accidents. Once synthesized, TNT is typically purified and crystallized to remove impurities and improve its explosive properties.

TNT has been used in various military applications, including as a component in explosive devices such as bombs and grenades. It is also used in mining and construction for its powerful detonation capabilities. However, due to its high toxicity and environmental impact, the use of TNT has been heavily regulated in many countries.

In addition to its military uses, TNT has also been studied for its potential as a high-energy fuel in rocket propulsion systems. Its high energy density and stability make it an attractive candidate for this application. However, the environmental and health risks associated with TNT production and use have limited its adoption in this field.