C12H12O6

C12H12O6, commonly known as citric acid, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C12H12O6. It is a weak organic acid that is naturally found in citrus fruits, particularly lemons, limes, and oranges. Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid, meaning it contains three carboxylic acid groups, which contribute to its acidity and versatility in chemical reactions.

Citric acid has a molecular weight of 210.11 g/mol and is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. It is soluble in water and has a sour taste. The compound is widely used in various industries due to its acidity and chelating properties. In the food industry, citric acid is used as a preservative, acidity regulator, and flavoring agent. It is also employed in the production of soft drinks, candies, and baked goods.

In the pharmaceutical industry, citric acid is used in the manufacturing of tablets, capsules, and other dosage forms. It is often used as a buffering agent to maintain the desired pH of medications. Additionally, citric acid is used in the production of vitamins and other supplements, as it can help stabilize and protect these sensitive compounds.

Citric acid is also used in the cleaning industry, where it is employed as a descaling agent to remove limescale from surfaces. In the agricultural sector, it is used as a soil acidifier and fertilizer. The compound is also used in the tanning industry to prepare hides and skins for leather production.

Citric acid is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, a series of chemical reactions that take place in the cells of organisms to generate energy. The cycle is crucial for cellular respiration and plays a vital role in metabolism. The discovery of the citric acid cycle was a significant milestone in the understanding of cellular metabolism and energy production.

In summary, C12H12O6, or citric acid, is a versatile and widely used compound with applications in food, pharmaceutical, cleaning, agricultural, and tanning industries. Its role in the citric acid cycle further underscores its importance in biological processes.