C10H14N5O7P

C10H14N5O7P, commonly known as adenosine monophosphate (AMP), is a nucleotide monophosphate consisting of the adenine base attached to ribose, which is esterified to a single phosphate group. It is one of the ribonucleotides required for RNA synthesis and acts as an intermediate in purine metabolism.

In biology, AMP participates in energy metabolism: adenylate kinase interconverts two ADP molecules to ATP and AMP, linking high-energy phosphate transfers. AMP can also activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central energy sensor that regulates metabolism in response to cellular energy status.

AMP is a building block for RNA and is formed in cells by de novo synthesis from IMP and by salvage of adenosine or adenine; it is dephosphorylated to adenosine by 5'-nucleotidases, and can be deaminated to IMP by AMP deaminase under certain conditions. Through these pathways, AMP maintains nucleotide pool balance and supports nucleic acid turnover.

In addition to intracellular roles, extracellular AMP can influence purinergic signaling after release from cells, either directly or via conversion to adenosine, thereby affecting physiological processes such as vasodilation and neurotransmission in certain contexts.

The molecule’s formula reflects its composition: a purine base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and a single phosphate group, giving AMP a molecular weight of approximately 347.22 g/mol. AMP is ubiquitous in living organisms and serves as a fundamental component of both genetic material and cellular energy management.